*Meningitis* is a serious medical condition characterized by *inflammation of the meninges*, the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. Causes: 1. *Bacterial meningitis* – caused by bacteria like *Neisseria meningitidis*, *Streptococcus pneumoniae*, and *Haemophilus influenzae*. It is severe and can be life-threatening. 2. *Viral meningitis* – more common and usually less severe.